Evaluating R H from the fundamental constants in this formula gives a value within 0.5 of that obtained experimentally from the hydrogen. However, his model worked well as an explanation for the emissions of the hydrogen atom, but was seriously limited when applied to other atoms. When we identify R H with the ratio of constants on the right hand side of Equation (2-21), we obtain the Rydberg equation with the Rydberg constant as in Equation (2-22). Moving up the ladder increases your potential energy, while moving down the ladder decreases your energy.īohr's work had a strong influence on our modern understanding of the inner workings of the atom. As you move up or down a ladder, you can only occupy specific rungs and cannot be in the spaces in between rungs. Bohrs model of hydrogen is based on the nonclassical assumption that electrons travel in specific shells, or orbits, around the nucleus. An everyday analogy to the Bohr model is the rungs of a ladder. The electron is not allowed to occupy any of the spaces in between the orbits. Bohr proposed that electrons do not radiate energy as they orbit the nucleus, but exist in states of constant energy that he called stationary states. The orbits that are further from the nucleus are all of successively greater energy. Learn what the Bohr Model is, how it improved upon previous models of the atom, and what problems still existed with the Bohr diagram. Following the discoveries of hydrogen emission spectra and the photoelectric effect, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962) proposed a new model of the atom in 1915. The ground state of the hydrogen atom, where its energy is lowest, is when the electron is in the orbit that is closest to the nucleus. When the electron is in one of these orbits, its energy is fixed. It accounts for a wide range of physical phenomena, including the existence of discrete packets of energy and matter, the uncertainty principle, and the exclusion principle.Īccording to the Bohr model, often referred to as a planetary model, the electrons encircle the nucleus of the atom in specific allowable paths called orbits. This is a theory based on the principle that matter and energy have the properties of both particles and waves. This was the basis for what later became known as quantum theory. When the energy is removed, the electrons return back to their ground state, emitting a corresponding amount of energy-a quantum of light, or photon. (Credit: Zachary Wilson Source: CK-12 Foundation License: CC BY-NC 3.0(opens in new window))īohr explained that electrons can be moved into different orbits with the addition of energy. \): Bohr's atomic model hydrogen emission spectra.
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